Flanders-Flemish DNA  Project


Based on this, the full sequence of mutations from our ancestral Eve to haplogroup H can be derived. This full sequence is provided in Flemish DNA & Ancestry.

Members of the haplogroup H have reached a destination of a genetic journey that began some 150,000 years ago with an ancient mtDNA haplogroup L3.

Our ancestral Eve, the common ancestor of all living humans, was born in Africa some 150,000 years ago. All existing mtDNA diversity began with her. A single person of the L3 lineage gave rise to the M and N haplogroups some 80,000 years ago. All Euro-Asian mtDNA lineages are subsequently descended from these two groups.

About 50,000 years ago a period of warmer temperatures and moist climate made parts of the arid Sahara habitable. This climatic shift out of the African Ice Age, likely spurred hunter-gatherer migrations into the Sahara and beyond. This Saharan gateway led humans out of Africa to the Middle East. When the climate again turned arid, expanding Saharan sands slammed the Saharan gateway shut—the desert became at its driest between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago—which isolated the Middle East migrants from Africa. From their new Middle East location, they would go on and populate much of the world.

The N and M haplogroups that descended from the African L3, spawned sub-lineages in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East region. They likely coexisted for a time with pre-modern hominids such as the Neanderthals.

Haplogroup R descended from N and has since dispersed across much of the globe. Subgroups pre HV, U, Y, and J are found in Europe and the Near East. 

Haplogroup H is a large lineage that first appeared on the R line of descent. Spencer Wells suggested that “today haplogroups H comprises 40 to 60 percent of the gene pool of most European populations. Moving eastwards the frequency of H gradually decreases, illustrating the migratory path the settlers followed as they left the Iberian Peninsula after the ice sheets had receded.”

While haplogroup H is considered the western European lineage due to its frequency there, it is also found much further east. Today it comprises around 20% of southwest Asian lineages, about 15% of people living in central Asia, and around 5 percent in northern Asia.

The age of haplogroup H lineages differs quite substantially. In Europe its age is estimated at 10,000 to 15,000 years old. H made it into Europe substantially earlier—30,000 years ago—but reduced population sizes resulting from the ice age significantly reduced its diversity compared to its estimated age. In Central and East Asia, however, its age is estimated at around 30,000 years old, meaning the lineage made it into those areas during some of the earlier migrations out of the Near East. A map showing the migration path of the L3 lineage to the Middle East and then to Europe is shown in the Figure on the right.

Welcome.html

global network of mtDNA lineage

Human mtDNA migrations 

courtesy Family Tree DNA

Flemish Female Ancestry


Several of the mtDNA results reported belong to haplogroups H. In Deep Ancestry Spencer Wells provides how the H haplogroup can be traced back to our ancestral Eve (shown here as a series of mutations):

ancestral Eve -> L1/L0 -> L2 -> L3 -> N -> R -> pre-HV -> HV -> H.

Ian Logan provided the following more specific trace:

ancestral Eve-> L0 -> L1 -> L5 -> L2 -> L6 -> L4 -> L3 -> N -> R -> pre HV -> H & V -> H -> H2

(or any other sub-clade).